Boron carbide ikristaro nhema ine simbi inopenya, inozivikanwawo sedhaimondi dema, inova yezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi.Parizvino, munhu wese anoziva nezvezvinhu zveboron carbide, izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa nekushandiswa kwebulletproof armor, nekuti ine yakaderera density pakati peceramic zvinhu, ine zvakanakira yakakwira elastic modulus uye kuomarara kwepamusoro, uye inogona kushandisa zvakanaka. ye micro-fracture kutora projectiles.Mhedzisiro yesimba, uchichengeta mutoro wakaderera sezvinobvira.Asi kutaura zvazviri, boron carbide ine zvimwe zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvivakwa, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti iite basa rakakosha mumabrasives, refractory zvinhu, indasitiri yenyukireya, aerospace uye mamwe minda.
Properties ofboron carbide
Panyaya yezvimiro zvemuviri, kuomarara kweboron carbide kunongove mushure medhaimondi uye cubic boron nitride, uye inogona kuramba ichichengetedza simba rakakwirira pakupisa kwepamusoro, iyo inogona kushandiswa seyakanaka-yepamusoro-yekupfeka-inodzivirira zvinhu;iyo density yeboron carbide idiki kwazvo (theoretical density ingori 2.52 g/cm3), yakareruka kupfuura yakajairwa ceramic zvinhu, uye inogona kushandiswa mumunda wemuchadenga;boron carbide ine simba rakasimba rekutora neutron, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, uye nzvimbo yekunyungudika ye2450 ° C, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yenyukireya.Iyo neutron yekunyudza kugona kweiyo neutron inogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera B zvinhu;boron carbide zvinhu zvine chaiyo morphology uye chimiro zvakare ine yakakosha photoelectric zvivakwa;uyezve, boron carbide ine yakakwira kunyungudika, yakakwira elastic modulus, yakaderera yekuwedzera coefficient uye yakanaka Izvi zvakanakira zvinoita kuti ive inogona kushandiswa zvinhu muminda yakawanda yakadai sesimbi, indasitiri yemakemikari, michina, aerospace uye indasitiri yemauto.Semuyenzaniso, simbi isingadziviriri uye isingapfeki, kugadzira nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo dzemabara, tsvimbo dzinodzora magetsi uye thermoelectric elements, nezvimwe.
Panyaya yemakemikari ehupfumi, boron carbide haina kuita neasidhi, alkali uye akawanda inorganic komisheni pakupisa kwekamuri, uye haatombopindirana neokisijeni uye halogen magasi pakupisa kwekamuri, uye makemikari ayo akagadzikana.Pamusoro pezvo, boron carbide poda inogadzirwa nehalogen sesimbi inobhowa, uye boron inopinzwa pamusoro pesimbi kuti iite iron boride firimu, nekudaro ichiwedzera kusimba uye kupfeka kuramba kwezvinhu, uye makemikari ayo akanakisa.
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Kushandiswa kweboron carbide
1. Boron carbide inoshandiswa seyakakwenenzverwa abrasive
Kuiswa kweboron carbide seabrasive kunonyanya kushandiswa kukuya nekukwenenzvera kwesafire.Pakati pezvinhu zvakaomesesa, kuoma kweboron carbide kuri nani pane kuya kwealuminium oxide nesilicon carbide, yechipiri chete kune diamond uye cubic boron nitride.Safire ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka substrate zvinhu zvesemiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), makuru-akabatanidzwa maseketi SOI neSOS, uye superconducting nanostructure mafirimu.Kutsvedzerera kwepasi kwakakwira zvakanyanya uye kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwekupedzisira-kupfava Hapana dhigirii rekukuvadza.Nekuda kwesimba repamusoro uye kuoma kwakanyanya kwesafire crystal (Mohs kuomarara 9), yakaunza matambudziko makuru kugadzirisa mabhizinesi.
Kubva pamaonero ezvishandiso uye kukuya, zvinhu zvakanakisa zvekugadzira uye kukuya makristasi esafire ndeye synthetic diamond, boron carbide, silicon carbide, uye silicon dioxide.Kuoma kwedhaimondi rekugadzira kwakanyanyisa (Mohs kuomarara 10) kana uchikuya shinda yesafire, inokwenya pamusoro, inokanganisa kufambiswa kwechiedza chewafer, uye mutengo unodhura;mushure mekucheka silicon carbide, roughness RA inowanzokwira uye flatness iri murombo;Zvisinei, kuoma kwesilika hakuna kukwana (Mohs kuoma 7), uye simba rekukuya rakashata, rinotora nguva uye rinoshanda-yakanyanya mukukuya.Naizvozvo, boron carbide abrasive (Mohs kuoma 9.3) yave yakanyanya kunaka kugadzira uye kukuya makristasi esafire, uye ine hunyanzvi hwekuita mukukuya-mativi maviri ekukuya kwesapphire wafers uye kumashure kutetepa nekupenya kwesafire-based LED epitaxial wafers.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti kana boron carbide iri pamusoro pe600 ° C, nzvimbo yacho ichave yakasvibiswa muB2O3 firimu, iyo inozonyorovesa kune imwe nhanho, saka haikodzere kugaya kwakaoma pakupisa kwakanyanya mukushandisa abrasive, yakakodzera chete. yekupukuta mvura inogaya.Nekudaro, ichi chivakwa chinodzivirira B4C kubva pakuwedzerwa oxidized, ichiita kuti ive neyakasarudzika mabhenefiti mukushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoramba.
2. Kushandiswa mune refractory zvinhu
Boron carbide ine maitiro e-anti-oxidation uye yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba.Inowanzo shandiswa seyakaumbwa uye isina kuumbwa zvinhu zvekuramba uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzesimbi, senge zvitofu zvesimbi uye fenicha yekubikira.
Nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza simba uye kuderedzwa kwekushandisa muindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi uye kunyungudutswa kwesimbi-kabhoni simbi uye ultra-low kabhoni simbi, tsvakiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwepasi-carbon magnesia-carbon zvidhinha (kazhinji <8% kabhoni yemukati) nekuita kwakanakisa kwakwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda kubva kumaindasitiri emumba nekune dzimwe nyika.Parizvino, kuita kweyakaderera-kabhoni magnesia-kabhoni zvidhinha kunowanzo kuvandudzwa nekuvandudza yakasungwa kabhoni chimiro, optimize matrix chimiro chemagnesia-kabhoni zvidhinha, uye kuwedzera yakakwirira-inoshanda antioxidants.Pakati pavo, graphitized kabhoni inoumbwa neindasitiri-giredhi boron carbide uye chikamu graphitized kabhoni nhema inoshandiswa.Black composite poda, inoshandiswa se carbon source uye antioxidant yepasi-carbon magnesia-carbon zvidhinha, yakawana migumisiro yakanaka.
Sezvo boron carbide ichinyorovesa kune imwe nhanho pakupisa kwepamusoro, inogona kusungirirwa pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu zvimedu.Kunyange kana chigadzirwa chacho chakazara, iyo B2O3 oxide firimu pamusoro inogona kuumba imwe dziviriro uye kutamba basa rekurwisa-oxidation.Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuti iyo columnar makristasi anogadzirwa nekuita anogovaniswa mumatrix uye mapundu eiyo refractory zvinhu, iyo porosity inoderedzwa, yepakati tembiricha simba inovandudzwa, uye huwandu hwemakristasi anogadzirwa hunowedzera, hunogona kuporesa huwandu. shrinkage uye kuderedza mitswe.
3. Bulletproof zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kusimbisa dziviriro yenyika
Nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kwakanyanya, kusimba kwepamusoro, kudiki kwakananga giravhiti, uye mwero wepamusoro we ballistic kuramba, boron carbide inonyanya kuenderana nemaitiro ezvinyoro zvisingapindi bara.Ndiyo yakanakisa bulletproof zvinhu zvekudzivirira ndege, mota, zvombo, uye miviri yevanhu;parizvino,Dzimwe nyikavakurudzira tsvakiridzo yezvombo inodhura yakaderera yeboron carbide, nechinangwa chekusimudzira kushandiswa kwakakura kweboron carbide anti-ballistic armor muindasitiri yekudzivirira.
4. Kushandiswa muindasitiri yenyukireya
Boron carbide ine high neutron absorption cross-section uye yakafara neutron energy spectrum, uye inozivikanwa pasi rose seyakanakisa neutron inonwisa kuindasitiri yenyukireya.Pakati pavo, chikamu chekupisa cheboron-10 isotope chakakwira se347 × 10-24 cm2, chechipiri chete kune mashoma maelementi akadai segadolinium, samarium, uye cadmium, uye inoshanda neutron inopinza.Pamusoro pezvo, boron carbide yakapfuma muzviwanikwa, isingadziviriri, kugadzikana kwemafuta, haiburitse isotopes yeradioactive, uye ine yakaderera yechipiri ray simba, saka boron carbide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya semidziyo yekudzora uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira mumagetsi enyukireya.
Semuyenzaniso, muindasitiri yenyukireya, yakakwira-tembiricha gasi-yakatonhodzwa reactor inoshandisa boron inonwisa bhora shutdown system seyechipiri yekudzima system.Muchiitiko chetsaona, kana yekutanga kudzima system ikatadza, yechipiri yekudzima system inoshandisa nhamba yakakura yeboron carbide pellets Yemahara inowira muchiteshi cheinoratidzira layer ye reactor core, nezvimwewo, kuvhara reactor uye kuona kutonhora. shutdown, umo bhora rinonwisa ibhora regraphite rine boron carbide.Basa guru re boron carbide core mune yakakwirira tembiricha gasi-yakatonhorera reactor kudzora simba uye kuchengetedzeka kweiyo reactor.Iyo kabhoni zvidhinha yakamisikidzwa ne boron carbide neutron inotora zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kuderedza neutron irradiation ye reactor pressure pressure.
Parizvino, boride zvinhu zvenyukireya reactors zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira zvinotevera: boron carbide (yekudzora tsvimbo, nhovo dzekudzivirira), boric acid (moderator, inotonhorera), boron simbi (yekudzora tsvimbo uye midziyo yekuchengetera mafuta enyukireya nemarara enyukireya), boron Europium. (core burnable poison material), nezvimwewo.